Information Related to "Freedom: The Unfinished Struggle"
| Audio/Video |
Freedom: The Unfinished Struggle
A decades-long struggle brought freedom for slaves in America. But the struggle
for freedom from slavery is not over.
by Wayne Dunlap
That night in Nantucket was charged
with expectation for several hundred townspeople gathered on Aug. 16, 1841, for a
meeting of the Massachusetts Anti-Slavery Society.
Caucasians and Negroes alike met for the antislavery cause. Prominent Quakers and
other religious leaders joined the audience, along with the people of Guinea, the
black section of town. They met in the Big Shop, a building on the edge of the city
used for crafting whaling boats.
City officials had withdrawn permission for use of the elegant Atheneum meeting house
for which the event was originally scheduled. They were uneasy about the expected
presence of antislavery agitators--and especially queasy about the guest speaker,
an escaped slave named Frederick Douglass.
The house was packed. Some of the more agile attendees mounted the 12-by-12-foot
rafters and lofts, legs dangling, impatiently waiting for William Lloyd Garrison,
founder of the New England Anti-Slavery Society, to wrap up the opening business.
The young guest speaker grew restless as the moment neared for his first major public
address.
The audience grew still in anticipation as Douglass was introduced. Then he spoke
with electrifying eloquence, telling the story of slavery from raw experience. He
referred to his scar-covered back and to his own blood pouring out under the fury
of the lash.
His story transfixed the audience. Douglass described from his own experience slavery's
impact on the minds and bodies of its victims. He was living proof that many of the
horrifying reports regarding slavery were true.
From that night forward, Douglass dedicated his life to exposing the degradation
bred by slavery and to ending the nightmare for millions of men, women and children
held in bondage in America.
Turning the Tide Against Slavery
Douglass and other former slaves were successful in driving home slavery's cruelty.
White abolitionists like Garrison and Theodore Dwight Weld could speak against slavery
as observers, but Douglass and his fellow escaped slaves spoke from personal experience
of their suffering.
Douglass would later meet Harriet Beecher Stowe, who drew from his speeches and writings,
along with Weld's powerful book American Slavery As It Is, to write her famous
antislavery novel Uncle Tom's Cabin in 1852. Through the efforts of like-minded
men and women, the message about slavery would find its way into the hearts of those
who were yet uniformed or willingly chose to ignore the issue.
A deeply religious person in his teens and early adulthood, Douglass was later ordained
a minister in the African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church at New Bedford, Massachusetts,
where he served until 1841.
Born to Slavery
Frederick Douglass was born Feb. 17, 1817, to a slave on a plantation in Tuckahoe,
Maryland. Frederick was separated from her in infancy and saw her only four or five
times. Douglass, whose slave name was Frederick Augustus Washington Dailey, never
knew his father. Shortly after his mother's death, his master, a Capt. Anthony, sent
him to Baltimore to work for Hugh Auld, who hired him out to a ruthless taskmaster,
Edward Covey.
In his youth Douglass was often whipped and beaten. At age 16 he fell faint with
sunstroke in a field and was kicked and beaten by Covey until his head was gashed
and bloodied. Shortly after, he began to make plans to escape.
His first attempt, in 1833, failed. Five years later, with the help of friends, 21-year-old
Douglass escaped to New York City. He eventually settled in New Bedford and changed
his name from Bailey to Douglass to elude authorities.
After his marriage to Anna Murray and the birth of two of their four children, Douglass
was invited in 1841 to speak before the Massachusetts Anti-Slavery Society in Nantucket.
His speech describing his life as a slave was so powerfully moving and strikingly
eloquent that he was asked to sign on as an agent for the society.
At age 24 Douglass began a brilliant career as an abolitionist and champion of freedom.
His powerful speeches and writings later gained the attention of President Abraham
Lincoln, who invited him for consultations at the White House. Douglass, in his mid-40s,
developed a working relationship with the president and, along with others, helped
foster a climate that eventually led Lincoln to issue the Emancipation Proclamation
in 1863.
Slavery in the Americas
Historians estimate that 10 million Africans were captured in Africa (many of
them by black slave traders) and forced into slavery in North and South America between
the 16th and 19th centuries (Encyclopaedia Britannica, 15th edition, Macropedia,
Vol. 1, p.205, "Africa").
Toward the end of the 18th century, abolitionists in America and Britain worked toward
ending the importation of African slaves to the United States and British overseas
possessions. By 1804 states north of Maryland had abolished slavery. In 1807 slave
trade to the British colonial possessions was ended, and in the same year the United
States began prohibiting importation of slaves, although slave smuggling continued
until 1862.
Slavery persisted in the plantations of the South, where it had become a social and
economic institution, especially in the early 19th century with the onset of the
profitable cotton-based agricultural economy. But, as the century progressed, American
abolitionists abandoned their gradual approach to eliminating slavery in favor of
calling for its immediate abolition.
Abolition Gains Ground
The religious and moral fervor of preachers and professional orators gave new
life to the abolitionist movement beginning in the 1830s. Led by Garrison and Weld,
the American Anti-Slavery Society gained many converts and supporters. However, awareness
of slavery's degradation had not yet struck home to the general public.
Weld had been preaching about the immorality of slavery at Cincinnati's Lane
Seminary in 1834 and counted among his converts the preacher Henry Ward Beecher and
his sister, Harriet Beecher Stowe, whose powerful antislavery message in Uncle
Tom's Cabin helped propel abolition.
In 1841, when Frederick Douglass joined the ranks of the abolitionist orators, the
antislavery message took on deeper impact. Douglass and other former slaves who joined
the antislavery speaking tour brought home the plight of those in bondage.
After his presidency, John Quincy Adams, during his second career in Congress, rallied
to the abolitionists' cause. He presented to the House of Representatives a resolution
providing that every child born in the United States after July 4, 1842, would be
legally free and that neither slavery nor the slave trade should exist in the District
of Columbia after May 4, 1845. Other congressmen followed his lead as the abolitionists'
message gained greater national support.
Blacks and whites working together forged an unusual and powerful rhetoric that eventually
led to the rejection of slavery through religious, social and political influences.
Eventually the Emancipation Proclamation (Jan. 1, 1963), which proclaimed freedom
for slaves in all territories at war with the Union, combined with the bloodshed
of more than a million casualties in the American Civil War, brought down the institution
of slavery. With the ratification of the 13th Amendment to the Constitution, slavery
became illegal in the United States.
Another battle remained to be fought: the struggle for equal rights for the emancipated
slaves. Douglass insisted that freedom from slavery was of little meaning without
full rights of citizenship, including the right to vote, which was finally guaranteed
with ratification of the 15th amendment to the Constitution in 1870.
Douglass went on to write his autobiography in 1845, which he revised and completed
in 1892 as The Life and Times of Frederick Douglass. He began his own antislavery
newspaper, The North Star (later Frederick Douglass's Paper), which
he published from 1847 to 1860. He later became marshal for the District of Columbia
and recorder of deeds and was appointed in 1889 as U.S. minister and consul general
to Haiti.
Another People Called Out of Slavery
Nehemiah Caulkins of Waterford, Connecticut, reported in Slavery As It Is
on the condition of slaves in North Carolina in 1839, citing eye-witness accounts
of abuse of slaves. Concluding his narrative, he wrote, "May God look upon their
affliction, and deliver them from their cruel taskmasters!" (Weld, 1839, p.
17). This statement is reminiscent of the story of ancient Israel's enslavement in
Egypt.
When God called Moses to be His human instrument for delivering the people of Israel
from slavery in Egypt, He said, "I have surely seen the oppression of My people
who are in Egypt, and have heard their cry because of their taskmasters, for I know
their sorrows" (Exodus 3:7).
The people of Israel lost their freedom and fell to enslavement in Egypt. But God
heard their pleas for help: ". . . Behold, the cry of the children
of Israel has come to Me, and I have also seen the oppression with which the Egyptians
oppress them" (Exodus 3:9). By dramatic miracles God brought the people of Israel
out of slavery and "passed over" their houses when He struck the Egyptians
with plagues (Exodus 12:27).
This miraculous deliverance has powerful implications for us. The apostle Paul reminds
us scriptures "were all written for our instruction, in order that through the encouragement
they give us we may maintain our hope with perseverance" (Romans 15:4, Revised English
Bible).
The Bible pictures our world as spiritual Babylon, a condition of warped values and
priorities by which "all nations" have become polluted (Revelation 18:3). God calls
on all who will hear His warning to break free of their bondage to sin and leave
behind the ways of spiritual Babylon. He tells us, "Come out of (Babylon), my people,
lest you share in her sins, and lest you receive of her plagues" (verse 4).
Just as God anciently brought His people out of bondage in Egypt, He is willing to
rescue those who cry out to Him for help in our day. And He will rescue His people
from the plagues prophesied to fall on nations in the end time.
Jesus Christ warned His followers: "Watch therefore, and pray always that you may
be counted worthy to escape all these things that will come to pass, and to stand
before the Son of Man" (Luke 21:36). God will intervene for those who truly believe
in Him and are willing to ask for His power and direction in their lives.
Jesus Calls Us Out of Slavery
Moses was the man God used to bring Israel out of slavery. God has provided another
Deliverer for our world: Jesus Christ. He calls on people of understanding to break
free of their own enslavement to join the vanguard of those who will help usher in
a new way of life at Jesus' return.
When Jesus was verbally assaulted by religious leaders of His time, His replies to
them struck a nerve and aroused their anger. He admonished them: ". . .
You shall know the truth, and the truth shall make you free" (John 8:32).
They angrily responded: "We are Abraham's descendants, and have never been in
bondage to anyone. How can you say, 'You will be made free'?" (verse 33). Their
response was not honest. Although not directly enslaved, these Jewish residents of
Jerusalem were living under Roman occupation. They also knew that their forefathers,
descendants of Abraham, had spent considerable time as slaves in Egypt until God
delivered them under the leadership of Moses.
When these leaders pressed Him further on how He could possibly make them free, since
they were not slaves, Jesus offered a stinging reply: "Most assuredly, I say
to you, whoever commits sin is a slave of sin" (verse 34). These outwardly religious
men were bent on killing Jesus (verse 37), yet they claimed God as their Father (verse 41). They were indeed enslaved to their own selfish, sinful nature.
The Bible reveals that our nature prevents us from enjoying the freedom of abundant
life promised by Jesus Christ (John 10:10). Paul tells us we are naturally hostile
to God and His laws (Romans 8:7). ". . . The natural man does not receive
the things of the Spirit of God, for they are foolishness to him; nor can he know
them, because they are spiritually discerned" (1Corinthians 2:14).
Teachers of moral relativism offer supposed freedom from moral absolutes but fail
to understand the consequences. Peter described this secular approach and its result:
"While they promise them liberty, they themselves are slaves of corruption; for by
whom a person is overcome, by him also he is brought into bondage" (2Peter 2:19).
Christians are called out of the corrupting influence of sin, just as ancient Israel
was called out of slavery in Egypt. Jesus came to earth to bring a new way of life,
the way of truth. He is "the way, the truth, and the life" (John 14:6).
If we live according to God's truth (His Word is truth; John 17:17) and rely on His
forgiveness when we fall short, we can be free from the slavery to our sinful nature.
It is God's will that the human race ultimately be set free from this bondage: ". . .
The creation itself also will be delivered from the bondage of corruption into the
glorious liberty of the children of God" (Romans 8:21).
The Freedom Yet to Come
Throughout history millions of people have lived and died under bondage--whether
in cruel slavery under harsh and wicked taskmasters; in captivity to false beliefs
and satanic deceptions; or shackled by the downward pulls of their own sinful nature.
No matter what the yoke of human oppression, the truth of God's Word and His ways
ultimately looses the bonds of the enslaved and leads them to abundant life.
The abolition movement in America brought together black and white men and women
in a common purpose--to bring to an end human oppression. Through tireless self-sacrifice
they succeeded in eliminating slavery. They set aside their differences long enough
to win a battle for the cause of human freedom and dignity.
The story of Frederick Douglass and all those who have ever endured the suffering
of slavery will fade like a long-forgotten dream when the Master of all creation
returns to earth to begin a new world of freedom, justice, harmony and peace. Read
what the Bible promises about that coming world: "And God will wipe away every tear
from their eyes; there shall be no more death, nor sorrow, nor crying. There shall
be no more pain, for the former things have passed away" (Revelation 21:4).
A World Set Free
However heavy our burdens, Jesus Christ offers us a way to lighten our load.
"Come to Me, all you who labor and are heavy laden, and I will give you rest.
Take My yoke upon you and learn from Me, for I am gentle and lowly in heart, and
you will find rest for your souls" (Matthew 11:28-29). Many seek this rest by merely
professing the name of Jesus, calling Him Lord and saying they love Him. But He expects
more. "But why do you call Me 'Lord, Lord," He asks, "and do not do the things which
I say?" (Luke 6:46).
He adds, "Not everyone who says to Me, 'Lord, Lord,' shall enter the kingdom of heaven,
but he who does the will of My Father in heaven" (Matthew 7:21).
You need to discover what God's will is for you. Be sure to write for the free booklets
What Is Your Destiny? and The Road to Eternal Life. These Scripture-based
guides will help you find your way out of the darkness and confusion of this world
to discover the rest and light Jesus Christ promised.
Through the prophet Isaiah, God reveals the way to freedom from the bonds of wickedness
and relief from oppression and heavy burdens by drawing near to Him (Isaiah 58:6).
Millions labor under the grinding oppression of war, hunger, poverty and disease.
We routinely watch the heartbreaking sufferings of men, women and children on television
news. How horrible it must be for the people experiencing that suffering! Yet God
will set these people free from their oppression when "the earth shall be full
of the knowledge of the Lord as the waters cover the sea" (Isaiah 11:9).
The time is coming when Jesus Christ will return to earth and break every yoke of
human bondage, freeing humanity from its self-imposed slavery. Then "many nations
shall come and say, 'Come, and let us go up to the mountain of the Lord . . .
He will teach us His ways, and we shall walk in His paths" (Micah 4:2).
Those who heed the calling of God will be part of the vanguard to help usher in a
new way of life at Christ's return. All people will have the opportunity under the
direct leadership of the living Jesus Christ to learn and understand the truth of
God's will and way--and that precious truth will set them free!
© 1999-2022 United Church of God, an International Association
Related Information:
Table of Contents that includes "Freedom: The Unfinished Struggle"
Other Articles by Wayne Dunlap
Origin of article "Freedom: The Unfinished Struggle"
Keywords: slavery Frederick Douglass freedom abolitionist green beans beans, green
Slavery: